Description
Haplogroup N1a1a (Z1936) is the dominant Y-DNA lineage of Uralic-speaking peoples and one of the most frequent haplogroups in Northern Europe. It is found at very high frequencies among Finns (~58%), Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Sami, Yakuts (~85%), Nenets, Selkups, Khanty, and Mansi. Z1936 defines the Uralic expansion from the Ural–West Siberian homeland into the Baltic, Scandinavia, and the Siberian northeast. Its MRCA in the Neolithic corresponds to the time of proto-Uralic language diversification, providing one of the strongest genetic correlates for a specific language family expansion in Eurasia.
Interesting Fact
The distribution of N1a1a (Z1936) almost perfectly maps the current and historical range of Uralic languages — Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Sami, Mordvin, Mari, Khanty, Mansi, Nenets, Selkup, Yakut. Its carrier populations speak languages as different as Finnish and Yakut, yet share a patrilineal ancestor who lived ~8,000 years ago in Western Siberia.
Distribution by Ethnicity
| Ethnic distribution | Region | Frequency | Sample |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yakuts | Siberia (NE) | n=300 | |
| Nenets | Arctic Siberia | n=100 | |
| Khanty | West Siberia | n=120 | |
| Finns | Northern Europe | n=700 | |
| Lithuanians | Northern Europe | n=350 | |
| Latvians | Northern Europe | n=300 | |
| Estonians | Northern Europe | n=400 | |
| Sami | Northern Europe / Scandinavia | n=150 |
Tags
References
- Ilumäe et al. (2016) — Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup N: A Non-trivial Time-Resolved Phylogeography that Cuts across Language Families. AJHG 99(1), 163–173.
- Rootsi et al. (2007) — A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe. European Journal of Human Genetics 15, 204–211.
- Lamnidis et al. (2018) — Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe. Nature Communications 9, 5018.