Description

Haplogroup F1 is the most common subclade of F, broadly distributed across Southeast Asia, southern China, and Taiwan. F1 contains several sub-branches adapted to different Southeast Asian environments, with F1a being particularly common in Austronesian-speaking populations and F1b in continental Southeast Asian groups. F1 is carried by significant proportions of Thai, Vietnamese, Filipino, and Han Chinese populations, and represents one of the major maternal lineages of the ancient Southeast Asian population that predated the spread of Neolithic rice agriculture.

Interesting Fact

F1a, a major sub-branch of F1, is found at elevated frequencies in Austronesian-speaking populations across Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Its distribution partly parallels that of B4a (the Polynesian motif lineage), suggesting that multiple F and B haplogroups were carried by the same Austronesian-speaking seafarers who colonized Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific beginning ~3,500 years ago.

Distribution by Ethnicity

Ethnic distributionRegionFrequencySample
Taiwanese aboriginalsEast Asia
12%
n=250
ThaiSoutheast Asia
10%
n=300
VietnameseSoutheast Asia
9%
n=300
FilipinosSoutheast Asia
8%
n=400
Han Chinese (South)East/Southeast Asia
7%
n=1000

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References

  1. Kong et al. (2011) — Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the Han Chinese with distinct dialect backgrounds and phylogenetic analysis. Journal of Human Genetics 56(5), 386–394.
  2. Trejaut et al. (2005) — Traces of archaic mitochondrial lineages persist in Austronesian-speaking Formosan populations. PLOS Biology 3(8), e247.