Description

C2a1a2 (M86) is a branch of C2a1a found primarily in northern Chinese populations and among Mongolian and Mongolian-adjacent groups of the Inner Mongolian plateau. Unlike its sister clade C2a1a1 (M77), which is associated with Korean and Tungusic groups, C2a1a2 has a more northwesterly distribution and appears in populations spanning the transition zone between the North China Plain and the southern Mongolian steppe. It is carried at moderate frequencies among Han Chinese in northern China and among some Mongolian sub-groups, suggesting a role in the early demographic history of the Yellow River basin and its northern frontier.

Interesting Fact

C2a1a2 (M86) marks a distinct lineage from the classic Mongolic C2b branch — it is a southern, sedentary-associated C2 lineage that was absorbed into early Chinese agricultural populations rather than remaining among steppe pastoralists.

Distribution by Ethnicity

Ethnic distributionRegionFrequencySample
Inner MongolsEast Asia (China)
4%
n=200
Han Chinese (North)East Asia
3%
n=800
Tungusic groupsNortheast Asia
2%
n=200
KoreansEast Asia
1%
n=800

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References

  1. Wei et al. (2018) — Phylogenetic analysis of the Y-chromosome haplogroup C2b-F1067. PLOS ONE 13(5), e0197744.